In the world of embedded vision and high-speed image processing, selecting the right camera interface is crucial for achieving optimal performance. Two of the most common options are Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link 2 (GMSL2) and USB cameras. Each technology has its strengths and is suited for different applications. In this article, we’ll compare GMSL2 and USB cameras to help you determine which one is the best fit for your project.
1. Understanding the Basics
What is GMSL2?
GMSL2 is a high-speed serial interface developed by Maxim Integrated (now part of Analog Devices). It is primarily used in automotive, industrial, and embedded vision applications to transmit video data over long distances using coaxial cables. GMSL2 supports high-bandwidth, low-latency video transmission with minimal interference.
What are USB Cameras?
USB cameras use the Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol to transmit video data. These cameras are widely available, plug-and-play, and commonly used in consumer electronics, webcams, industrial automation, and AI-driven applications. USB cameras come in different versions, including USB 2.0, USB 3.0, and USB 3.1, each offering different levels of bandwidth and performance.
2. Key Comparison: GMSL2 vs. USB Cameras
| Feature | GMSL2 Cameras | USB Cameras |
| Data Transmission | High-speed serial link over coaxial cable | USB interface (2.0, 3.0, 3.1) |
| Maximum Cable Length | Up to 15m+ without signal degradation | Typically 1-3m before requiring signal repeaters |
| Bandwidth | Supports multiple CSI-2 lanes for high-resolution, high-frame-rate video | Limited by USB bandwidth (e.g., USB 3.0 maxes out at ~5 Gbps) |
| Latency | Extremely low latency (<1ms) | Higher latency due to USB protocol overhead |
| Power Delivery | Supports Power over Coax (PoC) | Powered directly via USB |
| Interference Resistance | High resistance to EMI due to coaxial shielding | Susceptible to EMI, especially in industrial environments |
| Software & Drivers | Requires MIPI CSI-2 compatible drivers | Plug-and-play with standard USB drivers |
| Cable Flexibility | Coaxial cables are thinner and more flexible, making integration easier in space-constrained environments | USB cables are often thicker and less flexible |
| Use Cases | Automotive, robotics, AI vision, industrial automation | Consumer webcams, basic vision tasks, industrial automation |
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages of GMSL2 Cameras
- Long-Distance Transmission – Up to 15 meters without loss of signal quality.
- Low Latency & High Bandwidth – Ideal for real-time AI vision processing.
- EMI Resistance – Coaxial cables provide excellent shielding in noisy environments.
- Multi-Camera Support – Multiple cameras can be connected to a single deserializer.
- Automotive-Grade Reliability – Designed for harsh environments and industrial use cases.
- Flexible & Space-Saving Cabling – Coaxial cables are thinner and more flexible than USB cables, making them easier to route in compact designs.
Challenges:
- Requires serializer and deserializer hardware for integration.
- Needs custom drivers and software configuration compared to plug-and-play USB.
Advantages of USB Cameras
- Ease of Use – Standardized drivers make them plug-and-play on most devices.
- Low Cost & Widely Available – Large variety of affordable cameras for different use cases.
- Good for Short-Distance Applications – Suitable for desktops, labs, and controlled environments.
Challenges:
- Limited cable length (1-3m max before signal degradation).
- Higher latency compared to GMSL2.
- Potential EMI issues in industrial or automotive environments.
- USB cables are often bulkier and less flexible than coaxial cables, making integration more difficult in constrained spaces.
4. Choosing the Right Camera Interface for Your Project
When to Choose GMSL2 Cameras:
- If you need to transmit video over long distances (5m+).
- If your application requires low-latency, high-bandwidth data transfer.
- If you are working in automotive, robotics, or industrial automation.
- If you need multiple synchronized cameras in a single system.
- If your design requires thin, flexible cabling for space-constrained environments.
When to Choose USB Cameras:
- If you need a simple, plug-and-play solution.
- If your project involves short-distance camera connections (1-3m).
- If cost is a major factor and you don’t require specialized hardware.
- If you need quick prototyping with off-the-shelf components.
5. Conclusion
Both GMSL2 and USB cameras have their place in embedded vision applications. GMSL2 is the superior choice for long-distance, high-performance video applications, while USB cameras are a great option for general-purpose, short-range vision tasks.
If you are working on a robotics, AI vision, or industrial application requiring high-speed, interference-resistant camera connectivity, GMSL2 is the way to go. For basic setups, consumer applications, or low-cost prototyping, USB cameras offer a convenient alternative.
For more details on GMSL2-based solutions, check out our product lineup here!
Would you like more guidance on choosing the right camera for your project? Contact us today!
